ContextTransmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is known to occur
through breastfeeding, but the magnitude of risk has not been precisely defined. Whether
breast milk HIV-1 transmission risk exceeds the potential risk of formula-associated diarrheal
mortality in developing countries is unknown. ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of
breast milk transmission of HIV-1 and to compare mortality rates and HIV-1–free survival in
breastfed and formula-fed infants. Design and SettingRandomized clinical trial conducted …