β₂-adrenergic receptors are present throughout the lung, including the alveolar airspace, where they play an important role for regulation of the active Na⁺ transport needed for clearance of excess fluid out of alveolar airspace. β₂-adrenergic receptor signaling is required for up-regulation of alveolar epithelial active ion transport in the setting of excess alveolar edema. The positive, protective effects of β₂-adrenergic receptor signaling on alveolar active Na⁺ transport in normal and injured lungs provide substantial support for the use of β-adrenergic agonists to accelerate alveolar fluid clearance in patients with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. In this review, we summarize the role of β₂-adrenergic receptors in the alveolar epithelium with emphasis on their role in the regulation of alveolar active Na⁺ transport in normal and injured lungs.